Demografia da solidão na América Latina
uma agenda crítica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20947/S0102-3098a0335%20Palabras clave:
Soledad, Demograía, América Latina, cuidado, género, raza, territórioResumen
Este punto de vista sostiene que la consolidación de una demografía de la soledad en América Latina requiere más que la incorporación de escalas de soledad en encuestas poblacionales. También exige una revisión de las categorías mediante las cuales el campo interpreta la vida relacional en sociedades marcadas por desigualdades persistentes, regímenes familiares heterogéneos, envejecimiento acelerado, migración, violencia, racismo y privatización del cuidado. El texto propone cuatro desplazamientos analíticos. Primero, sustituir afirmaciones genéricas sobre una “epidemia” de soledad o sobre aumentos generacionales de la soledad por una postura metodológica más cautelosa, reconociendo la ausencia de series históricas comparables y de datos longitudinales armonizados en la región. Segundo, volver a situar el sexo y el género en el centro del análisis, no como categorías universales y desracializadas, sino como dimensiones articuladas con el cuidado, la viudez, las masculinidades, la violencia y las desigualdades territoriales. Tercero, desplazar raza/color y territorio de las listas de variables de control hacia el centro de los modelos analíticos, reconociendo que la desconexión relacional en Brasil y América Latina está racializada y territorialmente situada. Cuarto, articular la demografía de la soledad con la demografía del cuidado, sustituyendo la hipótesis simplificadora del familismo protector por la de la ambivalencia familiar. La agenda propuesta no rechaza la literatura internacional, sino que sostiene que América Latina puede ofrecer un correctivo conceptual a un campo todavía fuertemente orientado por experiencias del Norte Global.
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