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Abstract

This article addresses various fields where the exercise of citizenship and the possession of rights has acquired especially difficult characteristics in Latin America today, namely, the field of work and work flexibilization. The work sphere has lost its centrality in the context of citizens’ participation. The field of identify, where increased public visibility of “ethnic” and “gender” issues has re-defined and stressed new struggles in the area of citizenship. The States have lost their sovereignty vis-a-vis globalization, a fact that has also had an impact on the exercise of citizenship. There are possibilities of re-creating forms of citizenship through virtual networks, and the way discourses of control against violence and drugs restrict the citizenship status of certain actors. In addition, there is the impact on citizenship caused by the powerful discrepancy between the dissemination of access to symbolic goods (communication, education, information) and the concentration of access to material goods.