Priority for future COVID-19 vaccinations in Brazil: should public transport users be a target group?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20947/S0102-3098a0163Keywords:
Vaccine, COVID-19, Public transport, Target groupAbstract
Considering the recent emergence of effective vaccines against COVID-19 and the scarce resources to assist most of the world population immediately, societies need to define the order in which groups of citizens will get access to new vaccines. Vaccination campaigns should prioritize the immunization of vulnerable individuals and people tasked with helping others, thus reducing human losses and minimizing social and economic damage. In Brazil, public transport users in large cities present high levels of vulnerability, due to factors related to the spatial configuration, the organization of transport systems and the high percentage of people of low socio-economic status within large suburbs that depend exclusively on public transport to access jobs and basic services. Immunizing public transport users can produce relevant practical effects in combating COVID-19 in Brazil, such as saving public resources, reducing the number of deaths and achieving greater efficiency in the sectorized control of the disease within cities. Therefore, we suggest that policymakers should consider the frequent users of public transport from large Brazilian cities as a target group in vaccination campaigns, affording this group some priority based on adequate risk mapping at the local level.
Downloads
References
ALVARENGA PEREIRA COSTA, S. de; TEIXEIRA, M. C. V. The study of urban form in Brazil. Urban Morphology, v. 18, n. 2, p. 119-127, 2014.
ANTP – Associação Nacional de Transportes Públicos. Sistema de Informações da Mobilidade Urbana da Associação Nacional de Transportes Público – SIMOB/ANTP. Relatório geral 2018. São Paulo, 2020. Disponível em: http://files.antp.org.br/simob/sistema-de-informacoes-da-mobilidade--simob--2018.pdf Acesso: 12 mar. 2021.
BADR, H. S. et al. Association between mobility patterns and COVID-19 transmission in the USA: a mathematical modelling study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, v. 20, n. 11, p. 1247-1257, 2020.
BARCELOS, M. M.; BLANK, C. Transporte coletivo e transmissão da Covid-19: o que dizem os estudos. WRI Brasil, 1 out. 2020. Disponível em: https://wribrasil.org.br/pt/blog/transporte-coletivo-e-transmissao-da-covid-19-o-que-dizemosestudos Acesso em: 23 mar. 2021.
BAZANI, A. Ônibus tem atraído mais passageiros que metrô em Nova Iorque e é visto como solução na retomada em meio à pandemia. Portal Diário do Transporte, 12 jul. 2020. Disponível em: https://diariodotransporte.com.br/2020/07/12/onibustematraido-mais-passageiros-que-metro-em-nova-iorque-e-e-visto-como-solucao-naretomada-em-meio-a-pandemia/ Acesso em: 23 mar. 2021
BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Boletim Epidemiológico do Ministério da Saúde. Brasília, 2021. Disponível em: https://coronavirus.saude.gov.br/boletins-epidemiologicos
COLOMBO, S. et al. O impacto da pandemia do Covid-19 no transporte coletivo no município de Cuiabá – Mato Grosso. In: XVII CONGRESSO RIO DE TRANSPORTES. Anais [...]. Rio de Janeiro, 2020.
DIAS, R. Especialistas criticam pontos do plano nacional de vacinação do governo. Estado de Minas, 16/12/2020.
ECDC − European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Considerations for infection prevention and control measures on public transport in the context of COVID-19. Stockholm, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/COVID-19-public-transport-29-April-2020.pdf
FERRAZ, A. C. C. P.; TORRES, I. G. E. Transporte público urbano. São Carlos: Rima, 2004.
HARRIS, J. The subways seeded the massive coronavirus epidemic in New York City. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020 (NBER Working Paper, n. 27021).
HU, M. et al. The risk of COVID-19 transmission in train passengers: na epidemiological and modelling study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, v. 72, n. 4, p. 604-610, 2021. Doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1057/5877944.
IBGE − Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Censo Demográfico do Brasil 2010. Rio de Janeiro, 2011.
IPEA – Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada. Sistema de Indicadores de Percepção Social (SIPS). Mobilidade urbana. Brasília, 2012. Disponível em: https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24443&catid=120&Itemid=2. Acesso: 12 mar. 2021.
LEIVA, G. et al. Transport and land use: public transport stragies to make cities more resilient to COVID-19. 2020.
LEIVA, G.; SATHLER, D.; ORRICO FILHO, R. Estrutura urbana e mobilidade populacional: implicações para o distanciamento social e disseminação da Covid-19. Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População, v. 37, 2020.
LIBÂNIO, C. de A. O fim das favelas? Planejamento, participação e remoção de famílias em Belo Horizonte. Cadernos Metrópole, v. 18, n. 37, p. 765-784, 2016.
MARX, R.; MAGALHÃES, P. S. de; LARA, F. F. de. Low-cost bus business models and the case of Brazil. Revista de Gestão, v. 27, n. 1, p. 100-115, 2019.
MATEUS, A. L. P. et al. Effectiveness of travel restrictions in the rapid containment of human influenza: a systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, v. 92, p. 868-880D, 2014. DOI: 10.2471/BLT.14.135590.
MENDENHALL, E. et al. Non-communicable disease syndemics: poverty, depression, and diabetes among low-income populations. The Lancet, v. 389, n. 10072, p. 951-963, 2017.
MENÉNDEZ, M. et al. Is precarious employment more damaging to women’s health than men’s? Social Science and Medicine, v. 64, n. 4, p. 776-781, 2007.
PARDO, C. F. et al. COVID-19 and public transport: an overview and recommendations applicable to Latin America. Infectio, v. 25, n. 3, p. 182-188, 2021.
PATEL, J. A. et al. Poverty, inequality and COVID-19: the forgotten vulnerable. Public Health, v. 183, p. 110-111, January 2020.
PEREIRA, R. H. M. et al. Desigualdades socioespaciais de acesso a oportunidades nas cidades brasileiras − 2019. Brasília: Ipea, 2020. (Texto para Discussão, 2535).
PULLANO, G. et al. Population mobility reductions during COVID-19 epidemic in France under lockdown. medRxiv, June 2020.
RODRIGUES, A. Mortes por covid-19 têm mais relação com autônomos, donas de casa e transporte público. Valor Econômico, 09/08/2020.
SÁNCHEZ-PÁRAMO, C. COVID-19 will hit the poor hardest. Here’s what we can do about it. World Bank Blogs, April 23, 2020.
SAO PAULO (Município). Inquérito sorológico para Sars-COV-2. Fase 4. São Paulo, 2020.
SILVA, C. F. A. da et al. Análise da correlação espacial entre os usuários de sistemas de transporte público e os casos de Covid-19: um estudo de caso para Recife (PE). Revista Brasileira de Gestão e Desenvolvimento Regional, v. 16, n. 4, dez. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.rbgdr.net/revista/index.php/rbgdr/article/view/5989. Acesso em: 24 fev. 2021.
THANH LE, T. et al. The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery, v. 19, n. 5, p. 305-306, 2020.
TIMMERMANN, C. Epistemic ignorance, poverty and the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Bioethics Review, v. 12, p. 519-527, 2020.
TIRACHINI, A.; CATS, O. COVID-19 and public transportation: current assessment, prospects, and research needs. Journal of Public Transportation, v. 22, n. 1, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.22.1.1. Disponível em: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jpt/vol22/iss1/1.
WHO − World Health Orzanization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. [s.l], 2020. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports
XAVIER, B. O. Transporte público por ônibus no Brasil e a Covid-19: rumo ao colapso dos sistemas? In: CONGRESSO DE PESQUISA E ENSINO EM TRANSPORTES. 34. Anais [...]. Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Ensino em Transportes, 2020. p. 282-293.
ZHENG, R.; XU, Y.; WANG, W.; NING, G.; BI, Y. Spatial transmission of COVID-19 via public and private transportation in China. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Mar. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101626.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Papers published in Rebep are original and protected under the Creative Commons attribution-type license (CC-BY). This license allows you to reuse publications in whole or in part for any purpose, free of charge, even for commercial purposes. Any person or institution can copy, distribute or reuse the content, as long as the author and the original source are properly mentioned.
