Life satisfaction in Brazil: an exploration of theoretical correlates and age, period and cohort variations using the World Values Survey (1991-2014)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0108Keywords:
Life satisfaction, Brazil, World Values SurveyAbstract
This paper discusses some of the factors associated with life satisfaction in Brazil using four waves of the World Values Survey (1991 to 2014). Some results already described in the literature were confirmed, as we found that individuals who were married, employed, more religious, in better health, with greater freedom/control over their lives and who had a better financial situation were more satisfied with life, regardless of the time period. The variables for age and cohort showed non-significant associations with life satisfaction when aspects that theoretically correlated with life satisfaction were controlled in the analysis. When the different cohorts were analyzed separately, the results suggest that life satisfaction might be related to the conjectural and historical factors represented by period effects.
Downloads
References
ANGRIST, J.; PISCHKE, J. Mostly harmless econometrics. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.
BELL, A.; JONES, K. The impossibility of separating age, period, and cohort effects. Social Science & Medicine, v. 93, p. 163-165, 2013.
BLANCHFLOWER, D.; OSWALD, A. Well-being over time in Britain and the USA. Journal of Public Economics, v. 88, n. 7-8, p. 1359-1386, 2004.
CAVALCANTI, T.; GUIMARÃES, J.; NOGUEIRA, J. Is Brazil the land of happiness? A comparative study using a sample with economics students from UFPE and Purdue. Brazilian Review of Econometrics, v. 29, n. 1, p.17-35, 2009.
CLARK, A.; LELKES, O. Deliver us from evil: religion as insurance. Paris: PSE, 2005.
CORBI, R.; MENEZES-FILHO, N. Os determinantes empíricos da felicidade no Brasil. Revista de Economia Política, v. 26, n. 4, p. 18-36, 2006.
COUTINHO, R.; GOLGHER, A. The changing landscape of religious affiliation in Brazil between 1980 and 2010: age, period, and cohort perspective. Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População, v. 31, n. 1, p. 73-98, 2014.
DEATON, A. Panel data from time series of cross-sections. Journal of Econometrics, v. 30, n. 1, p. 109-126, Oct. 1985.
DEVEREUX, P. T. Small-sample bias in synthetic cohort models of labor supply. Journal of Applied Econometrics, v. 22, n. 4, p. 839-848, 2007.
DOLAN, P.; PEASGOOD, T.; WHITE, M. Do we really know what makes us happy? A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with subjective well-being. Journal of Economic Psychology, v.29, p. 94-122, 2008.
EASTERLIN, R. A. Does economic growth improve the human lot? Some empirical evidence. In: DAVID, R.; REDER, R. (ed.). Nations and households in economic growth: essays in honor of Moses Abramovitz. New York: Academic Press, 1974. p. 89-125.
FOSSE, E.; WINSHIP, C. Analyzing age-period-cohort data: a review and critique. Annual Review of Sociology, v. 45, p. 467-92, 2019.
FREY, B. Happiness – A revolution in economics. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2008.
FUKUDA, K. A happiness study using age-period-cohort framework. Journal of Happiness Studies, v. 14, n. 1, p. 135-153, 2013.
GLENN, N. D. Distinguishing age, period, and cohort effects. In: MORTIMER, J. T.; SHANAHAN, M. J. (ed.). Handbook of the life course. Springer, 2003.
GOLGHER, A. An introduction to the determinants of happiness in Brazil. Belo Horizonte: Cedeplar/UFMG, 2014a. (Texto para discussão, n. 508).
GOLGHER, A. The influence of attitudes and beliefs on the determinants of happiness in Brazil. Belo Horizonte: Cedeplar/UFMG, 2014b. (Texto para discussão, n. 509).
GOLGHER, A. An overview of the determinants of happiness in Brazil in 2006. Belo Horizonte: Cedeplar/UFMG, 2014c. (Texto para discussão, n. 510).
GRAHAM, C. Happiness and health: lessons and questions for public policy. Health Affairs, v. 27, n. 1, p. 72-87, January-February 2008.
GRAHAM, C.; CHATTOPADHYAY, S. Gender and well-being around the world. International Journal of Happiness and Development, v. 1, n. 2, p. 212-236, January 2013.
GRAHAM, C.; CROWN, S. Religion and well-being around the world: social purpose, social time, or social insurance? International Journal of Well-Being, v. 4, n. 1, p. 1-27, January 2014.
GRAHAM, C.; HIGUERA, L.; LORA, E. Which health conditions cause the most unhappiness? Health Economics, v. 20, n. 12, p. 1431-1447, November 2011.
GRAHAM, C.; PETTINATO, S. Happiness, markets and democracy: Latin America in comparative perspective. Journal of Happiness Studies, v. 2, n. 3, p. 237-268, 2001.
GUIMARÃES, R.; RIOS-NETO, E. Comparação entre metodologias de idade-período-coorte para o estudo de uma medida da progressão escolar no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População, v. 28, n. 2, p. 349-367, 2011.
HALLER, M.; HADLER, M. How social relations and structures can produce happiness and unhappiness: an international comparative analysis. Social Indicators Research, v. 75, n. 2, p. 169-216, 2006.
HELLIWELL, J. Well-being, social capital and public policy: what’s new? Economic Journal, v. 116, n. 510, p. C34-C45, 2006.
HELLIWELL, J.; LAYARD, R.; SACHS, J. World happiness report 2016, update (vol. I). New York: Sustainable Development Solutions Network, 2016.
HELLIWELL, J.; PUTNAM, R. The social context of well-being. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, v. 359, p. 1435-1446, 2004.
ISLAM, G.; WILLS-HERRERA, E.; HAMILTON, M. Objective and subjective indicators of happiness in Brazil: the mediating role of social class. Journal of Social Psychology, v. 149, n. 2, p. 267-272, 2009.
JOHNSON, W.; KRUEGER, R. How money buys happiness: genetic and environmental processes linking finances and life satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, v. 90, n. 4, p. 680-691, 2006.
JORM, A.; RYAN, S. Cross-national and historical differences in subjective well-being. International Journal of Epidemiology, v. 43, n. 2, p. 330-340, 2004.
KAHNEMAN, D.; KRUEGER, A.; SCHKADE, D.; SCHWARZ, N.; STONE, A. Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion. Science, v. 312, n. 5782, p.1908-1910, 2006.
KUPPER, L.; JANIS, J.; KARMOUS, A.; GREENBERG, B. Statistical age-period-cohort analysis: a review and critique. Journal of Chronic Diseases, v. 38, n.10, p. 811-830, 1985.
LAYARD, R. Happiness – Lessons from a new science. New York: Peguin Books, 2005.
LEME, M.; WAJNMAN, S. Tendências de coorte nos diferenciais de rendimentos por sexo. In: HENRIQUES, R. (ed.). Desigualdade e pobreza no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Ipea, 2000.
LIU, B.; FLOUD, S.; PIRIE, K.; GREEN, J.; PETO, R.; BERAL, V. Does happiness itself directly affect mortality? The prospective UK Million Women Study. Lancet, v. 387, n. 10021, p. 874-881, 2016.
MASON, W.; SMITH, H. Age-period-cohort analysis and the study of deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis. In: MASON, W.; FIENBERG, S. (ed.). Cohort analysis in social research. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1985. p. 151-228.
MEDVEDEV, O.; LANDHUIS, C. Exploring constructs of well-being, happiness and quality of life. PeerJ, 6:e4903, 2018.
NEMATI, S.; MARALANI, F. The relationship between life satisfaction and happiness: the mediating role of resiliency. International Journal of Psychological Studies, v. 8, n. 3, p. 194-201, 2016.
NG, Y. Happiness, life satisfaction, or subjective well-being? A measurement and moral philosophical perspective, 2015. Available at: https://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/ykng/Happiness,LS,%20SWB-2015.pdf.
O’BRIEN, R.; STOCKARD, J. Can cohort replacement explain changes in the relationship between age and homicide offending? Journal of Quantitative Criminology, v. 25, n. 1, p. 79-101, 2009.
ONUSIC, L.; MENDES-DA-SILVA, W.Orgulho de ser brasileiro impacta o nível de felicidade? Revista de Administração Contemporânea, v. 19, n. 6, p. 712-731, 2015.
OREOPOULOS, P. Do dropouts drop out too soon? Wealth, health and happiness from compulsory schooling. Journal of Public Economics, v. 91, n. 11-12, p. 2213-2229, 2007.
RIBEIRO, C. Renda, relações sociais e felicidade no Brasil. Dados – Revista de Ciências Sociais, v. 58, n. 1, p. 37-78, 2015.
SHIELDS, M.; PRICE, S. Exploring the economic and social determinants of psychological wellbeing and perceived social support in England. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, v. 168, n. 3, p. 513-537, 2005.
SLUTZER, A.; FREY, B. Does marriage make happy, or do happy people get married? Journal of Socio-Economics, v. 35, n. 2, p. 326-347, 2006.
SMITH, H. Response: cohort analysis redux. Sociological Methodology, v. 34, n. 1, p. 111-119, 2004.
SOUZA, M.; VASCONCELOS, A.; CRUZ, O. Trends in lung cancer mortality in Brazil from the 1980s into the early 21st century: age-period-cohort analysis. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, v. 28, n. 1, p. 21-30, 2012.
VERBEEK, M.; NIJMAN, T. Can cohort data be treated as genuine panel data? Empirical Economics, v. 17, n. 1, p. 9-23, 1992.
YANG, Y. Social inequalities in happiness in the United States, 1972 to 2004: an age-period-cohort analysis. American Sociological Review, v. 73, n. 2, p. 204-226, 2008.
YANG, Y. Aging, cohorts, and methods. In: BINSTOCK, R.; GEORGE, L. (ed.). The handbook of aging and the social sciences. London: Elsevier, 2011. p. 17-30.
YANG, Y.; FU, W.; LAND, K. A methodological comparison of age-period-cohort models: intrinsic estimator and conventional generalized linear models. Sociological Methodology, v. 34, p. 75-110, 2004.
YANG, Y.; SCHULHOFER-WOHL, S.; FU, W.; LAND, K. The intrinsic estimator for age-period-cohort analysis: what is it and how to use it. American Journal of Sociology, v. 113, n. 6, p. 1697-1736, 2008.
WINKELMANN, L.; WINKELMANN, R. Why are the unemployed so unhappy? Evidence from panel data. Economica, v. 65, n. 257, p. 1-15, 1998
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Papers published in Rebep are original and protected under the Creative Commons attribution-type license (CC-BY). This license allows you to reuse publications in whole or in part for any purpose, free of charge, even for commercial purposes. Any person or institution can copy, distribute or reuse the content, as long as the author and the original source are properly mentioned.
