Mothers’ ages and infant mortality rates: null, biological or socioeconomic effects?

Abstract

There are controversies as to whether extreme ages of women upon giving birth bring with them a greater number of factors associated with infant mortality rates and whether there is evidence of higher mortality rates among children of new mothers below age 20 or over age 34. Regarding teenage mothers, a heated debate is in course as to whether adverse obstetric results that occur are due to biological immaturity, to unfavorable socioeconomic situations, or if there is null effect of a woman’s young age on the chances of infant mortality. One question involving older mothers at childbirth is whether, despite the inroads made in medicine, this age can be associated with higher vulnerability to infant mortality. Another factor is whether more favorable socioeconomic conditions reduce the effect of the most common infirmities seen in mothers who gave birth at age 35 or over. There is also the question as to whether late affects the occurrence of infant mortality. On the basis of contrasting evidence regarding the levels of child mortality as correlated with mothers’ age, this article presents and discusses the main arguments found in the literature. In the case of both early and late childbirth, there are indications that back up not only the hypotheses of the biological and socioeconomic plausibility of infant mortality, but also the position that there is no effect of mothers’ ages on this factor. Two factors hamper more precise identification regarding this vulnerability. First there is the variety of methods used to study the relationship between mother’s age when giving birth, on the one hand, and infant mortality, on the other. Secondly, there is lack of uniformity among the studies in defining age groups.